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From The Biology of the Laboratory Rabbit, ISBN 0-12-469235-4, 2nd Edition (1994), pages 193-195:
Calicivirus Infections
The etiologic agents of necrotic hepatitis of leporids are the most recent viruses to be described. They have been classified tentatively as caliciviruses. The diseases caused by these viruses appeared in the mid 1980s. Rabbit or viral hemorrhagic disease was reported in China 1984 and subsequently in other countries. European brown hare syndrome was observed in Europe several years before viral hemorrhagic disease was diagnosed in domestic rabbits. The diseases are similar and appear to be caused by related viruses. Because the first recognized outbreak in China occurred in rabbits imported from Europe and since reports of a similar disease in European hares predates the outbreak in China, the original source of the agent of viral hemorrhagic disease may have been wild Leporidae (Lepus europaeus and Oryctolagus cuniculus) in Europe (Loliger and Eskens, 1991).
1. Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus
History: In Early 1984, an acute fatal disease of rabbits was reported from many regions of China (Xu et al. 1988; Xu and Chen 1989). The disease was unlike any previously reported syndrome and may have originated in rabbits imported from Europe. Tests of rabbit sera stored in Czechoslovakia in 1978 revealed antibodies to the virus (Rodak et al. 1990a). Although the syndrome was initially variously named, it came to be known as rabbit or viral hemorrahgic disease. Subsequently, the disease was reported in several European countries in 1987 and 1988 (Patton 1989; Gregg and House, 1989; Parra and Prieto, 1990). By late 1988, the disease was reported from many locations in Mexico (Patton, 1989; Gregg and House, 1989; Gutierrez 1990).
2. European Brown Hare Virus
History: A disease, characterized by hemorrhages in trachea and lungs, pulmonary edema, and necrotic hepatitis, with high mortality, has been observed since 1980-1985 in European brown hares (Lepus europaeus) and mountain hares (Lepus timidus) in several European countries (Morisse et al. 1990, 1991; Gavier-Widen and Morner, 1991). The disease, named European brown hare syndrome, is similar to rabbit hemorrhagic disease.
References:
Gavier-Widen, D. and Morner, T. (1991) Epidemiology and diagnosis of the European brown hare syndrome in Scandinavian countries: A review. Rev Sci. Tech. Off Int. Epiz. 10, 453-458.
Gregg, D. A. and House, C. (1989) Necrotic hepatitis of rabbits in Mexico: A parvovirus, Vet. Rec., 125, 603-604.
Gutierrez J.G.(1990) The outbreak of viral hemorraghic disease of rabbits in Mexico and operation of the national animal health emergency system. J. Appl. Rabbit Res. 13. 130-132.
Loliger H.C. and Eskens, U. (1991) Incidence, epizootiology and control of viral hemorrhagic disease of rabbits and the European brown hare syndrome in Germany, Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epiz., 10, 423-434.
Morisse, J.-P., Picault, Le Gall, G., and Boilletot. E (1990) Reproduction of viral hemorrhagic disease in domestic rabbits from "European brown hare syndrome" lesions, J. Appl. Rabbit Res. 13, 24-25.
Morisse , J.-P., Le Gall, G., and Boilletot. E (1991) Hepatitis of viral origin in Leporidae: Introduction and aetiological hypothesis. Rev. Sci. Tech. Off Int. Epiz., 10, 283-295.
Parra F. and Prieto, M, (1990)Purification and characterization of a calicivirus as the causative agent of a lethal hemorraghic disease in rabbits. J. Virol. 64, 4013-4015.
Patton N. M. (1989) Viral hemorraghic disease of rabbits. J. Appl. Rabbit Res. 12 (Supp 1) 64-66.
Rodak L., Smid, B. Valicek, L. Vesely T., Stepanek, J., Hampl, J., and Jurak E. (1990a) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of antibodies to rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus and their use in diagnosing infection. J. Gen. Virol. 71, 2593-2598.
Xu W. Y., Du, N. X. and Liu, S. J. (1988) A new virus isolated from hemorraghic disease in rabbits. Proc. 4th World Rabbit Cong., Budapest, Hungary, 456-461.
Xu Z.J. and Chen W.X. (1989) Viral hemorraghic disease in rabbits. Vet. Res. Commun. 13, 205-212.
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